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History |
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The History of Massage, Bodywork and Related Modalities (General timeline) |
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The information in this timeline is from many sources, mainly massage textbooks, massage books and massage school manuals. There are many contradictions in the various sources and much misinformation included in those sources. So that means that this chart is quite inaccurate even though you will find the same information in various sources. This information will hopefully give some background and intrigue your interests to pursue more information on the history of massage, bodywork and other related modalities. |
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| 3000 BC | Chinese: Cong-Fu of the Toa-Tse. Oldest known book written about massage. Translated to French in 1700’s. | |||||||
| 2760 BC | Nei Ching describes therapeutic touch. | |||||||
| 2500 BC | Egyptians created reflexology. | |||||||
| 2000 BC | First Writings about Massage. | |||||||
| 1800 BC |
Ayurvedic. Art of Life book that included massage techniques. In India, the focus was on sensual massage aspects. Ayur-Veda is a code of life and it deals with rebirth, renunciation, salvation, soul, purpose of life, maintenance of mental health, prevention and treatment of diseases. |
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| 1600 BC | In Egypt the first record of chemotherapy being employed as a treatment for cancer. | |||||||
| 1555 BC | A medical papyri contains remedies for all types of illnesses and the methods of application are similar to the ones used in Aromatherapy and Herbal medicine today. | |||||||
| 1000 BC | Homer wrote about an oily medium used for massage | |||||||
| 776 BC |
Olympic Games. Athletes massaged prior to their events |
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| 604-531 BC | The founder of Taoism is believed to be Lao-Tse | |||||||
| 500 BC | Herodicus- prescribed gymnastics to heal. Considered to be the founder of medical Gymnastics. | |||||||
| 460-380 BC |
Hippocrates was taught by Herodicus. Used Friction to treat sprains and dislocations (called anatripsis-Greek for friction). Thought that disease resulted from natural causes and the body has the power to heal itself. Wrote code of ethics that became the Hippocratic Oath. Hippocrates said: hard rubbing binds…much rubbing causes parts to waste…and moderate rubbing makes them grow. |
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| 200 BC | Greek physician Galen used natural magnets to relieve pain in treating many illnesses | |||||||
| 200 BC |
The Huangdi Nei Jing (Yellow Emperor's Inner Classic) is the earliest surviving canonical text of traditional Chinese medicine. Anmo is referred to in 30 different chapters of the Nei Jing. |
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| 100-44 BC | Julius Caesar used Massage therapy to relieve his neuralgia and epileptic seizures. Was thought to have been “Pinched” every day. | |||||||
| 130 AD- 201 AD | Galen, originally from Greece. Physician for the school of gladiators who were rubbed before fighting. Wrote book on manual medicine. | |||||||
| 90 BC | Chinese created Acupuncture | |||||||
| 25 BC- 50 AD | Aulus Cornelius Celsus. Roman Physician. Wrote De Medicina (8 textbooks with a lot of information on massage). | |||||||
| 100’s AD | First schools of massage were developed in china | |||||||
| 228 AD-337 AD |
The Roman Emperor Constantine condemned the baths and gymnasiums as he thought they added to the abuse of sex |
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| 589 AD-617 AD | Sui Dynasty already had knowledge of Massage used as therapy. | |||||||
| 600’s | Japanese developed shiatsu (finger pressure or acupressure), anma is massage in Japanese | |||||||
| 980 AD-1037 AD | Avicenna, Persian medic, wrote the Canon of Medicine during the crusades. May have been the first used the process known as distillation to distill essence of rose, although it probably took many years to perfect the process | |||||||
| 1300-1368 |
Guy de Chauliac wrote a book on surgery mentioning bodywork as an adjunct to surgery. |
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| 1368-1644 | In the Ming Dynasty, pediatric massage (which, for the first time, was referred to as "tuina") evolved into a highly systematic treatment modality which is still popular today. | |||||||
| 1517-1590 | Ambroise Pare, French barber surgeon, raised awareness of the use of massage | |||||||
| 1569 | Girolamo Mercuriale wrote the first sports medicine book | |||||||
| 1561-1626 | Lord Francis Bacon observed that massage had benefits enhancing circulation | |||||||
| 1608-1679 | Giovanni Alfonso Borelli studied muscular contraction | |||||||
| 1660-1742 | Prussia. Friedrich Hoffman, physician to King of Prussia recommended rubbing and gymnastics for the royal court. | |||||||
| 1742-1823 | John Grosvenor, English surgeon practiced healing with hands | |||||||
| 1776-1839 | Per Henrik Ling- fencing master and gymnast studied massage after he cured himself of rheumatism in his arm. Developed a system of Medical Gymnastics. Per Henrik ling is not the father of swedish massage!! | |||||||
| 1800's | Reiki is believed to date back to early Tibetan healing practices. Discovered in the 1800's by a Japanese philosopher and Christian seminary educator, Dr. Mikao Usui | |||||||
| 1813 | Per Henrik Ling formed the Royal Gymnastic Central Institute in Stockholm, Sweden. His students carried on his work after his death | |||||||
| 1828-1917 | American osteopathic medicine was begun by Andrew Taylor Still. For more information see www.meridianinstitute.com in their early manual medicine collection. | |||||||
| 1837 | Ling’s disciple, M. LeRon brought Movement Cure to Russia, St. Petersburg | |||||||
| 1839-1909 |
Johann Mezger. Holland. Brought medical massage to scientific community. Started using the terms effleurage, petrissage and tapotement. |
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| 1850s |
Scientific massage therapy was introduced in the United States by two New York physicians, brothers George and Charles Taylor, who had studied in Sweden. |
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| 1856 | Mathias Roth, English physician, taught Charles Fayette Taylor and George Henry Taylor who brought massage to the US | |||||||
| 1852-1943 |
John Harvey Kellogg, Battle Creek Sanitarium used massage and hydrotherapy. Published magazine called "Good Health" |
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| 1850s | Karl von Reichenbach discovered kerosene and paraffin | |||||||
| 1879 | Douglas Graham-described lomi lomi and wrote a history of massage. May have been first to use massage in USA | |||||||
| 1880 | Mary Putnam Jacobi and Victoria A White in New York City. Medical Doctors and professors who researched the benefits of massage and ice packs in the management of anemia. | |||||||
| 1884 | Professor Charcot. French Physician taught Sigmund Freud. Though French doctors should use massage more. | |||||||
| 1884 | Massage Scandals in Europe. Physicians became sceptical of claims made by massage therapist and accused practitioners of stealing patients. | |||||||
| 1894 | Society of Trained Masseuses formed in Britain. Set up study of massage along with prerequisites for education and criteria for school recognition. | |||||||
| 1895 |
Sigmund Freud. Used Massage Therapy to treat hysteria. Studies in Hysteria. Postulated that what we did not or will not confront in our lives would be buried in the body in the unconscious mind. |
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| 1895 |
Harvey Kellogg -"The
Art of Massage" -Full text available online at The Meridian Institute. |
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| 1899 | Sir William Bennet- Started a massage department at St. George’s Hospital in London | |||||||
| 1800's | Canadian Deep Muscle. This technique addresses specific muscles and muscle groups. The practitioners are trained to fix specific problems. It is a fundamental technique that offers fast results for both pain and stress. This form of cross fiber massage was first written about in the late 1800's in New York City. | |||||||
| 1900 | Albert Hoffa- wrote book “Technike de Massage”. | |||||||
| 1900s early | Jin shin jyutsu, the "art of circulation awakening," was developed in Japan by Jiro Murai and brought to the United States in the 1960s by Mary Iino Burmeister. | |||||||
| 1900's early | The Alexander Technique was developed by an Australian actor F.M. Alexander | |||||||
| 1907 | Edgar Ferdinand Cyriax- Used Ling’s Swedish Movement Cure and Mechanotherapeutics | |||||||
| 1907 | Naprapathy originated by a chiropractor in Chicago. This also concerns connective tissue. | |||||||
| More to come soon | ||||||||
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© 1999-2005 Julie Onofrio www.thebodyworker.com |
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